Drying in the coffee parchment

drying in the coffee parchment will air on cement field each pile or each row omit equal blank or each pile of 

coffee have height about 5 cm and must use hand or tool turn or equalize seed coffee for touch sunlight the fame coffee of Africa use this method

Harvesting of coffee cherry

harvesting of coffee cherry is important step to generate coffee and many method such as use hand draw branch coffee (Brazil) or machine (United State) but machine cause wound coffee tree and low quality

How to cultivate coffee

1. take coffee seed which new and dried about 5-10 seed and bring in water about 24-25 hour

2. take coffee seed from(1) scatter in panel or plastic bag by put 1-2 seed per bag.soil in bag should will put ashes and sand for water flow and pierce at bottom bag for unstagnant. scatter seed and conceal with coconut garbage and water two time (morning-evening)

Coffee Acidity ,Body and Flavour

Trunk : coffee is medium shrub,trunk straight,ramose branch, parallel with land or hang fall and dehiscent shoot.should will cut or trim coffee bush for beautiful and reduce tightly because accumulate insect

Root : absorb food from soil as deep about 20 centimetre and spread out in radius 120 centimetre around coffee tree

Leaves : bloom leaf is pair - terminal sharp and notch margin is notch as wave

Blossom : white,fragrant,bouquet tightly have short stipe, hermaphroditic flower and bloom flower since November to April if damp climate will bloom flower all year

Fruit : in one fruit will have 1-3 seed,oval or egg shape ripen fruit have red mix brown 

Coffee Espresso

coffee espresso use air pressure system more than boiling espresso coffee makers is complicate could be hardder use coffee makers but Full-flavoured taste.espresso ristretto is half and half of coffee espresso with water but coffee same quantity in Europe admire this coffee

Caffe Latte

Full-flavoured Espresso (Ristretto) mixer with hot milk and bubble milk (1/4 inch) on the top of cup cause good taste which can do ice coffee.Latte is mixer of Espresso coffee 1 shot,hot milk and bubble milk

Mocha Coffee

The best quality of coffee-green and yellow seed grow in Arabia full-flavoured taste and brew with cocoa or chocolate.Arabia is harbour in Yemen (Red Sea) before is source of export until 18 century in America as mixer coffee and chocolate.Mocha coffee grow in Arabia call mosha have sour taste and general knowing is Mocha of Yemen which mixer of Espresso coffee,hot milk and pour in chocolate syrup which receive bottom of cup about 1/2 ounce and scatter over with cream and chocolate powder

Coffee Robusta

coffee seeds in equator and inferior important from Arabica trunk,leaves and seed bigger Arabica.product higher,endure to disease,quality seed inferior Arabica.grow in 20-32 celsius high 1200 metre and period of time for grow is 9-11 month.Robusta or Canephora coffee is suddenly grow and compensate Arabica in source of disease.growing in shade and outdoor but like shade,endure to moistness and disease from Suefarium germ. Robusta have caffeine more than Arabica and grow in West Africa, Saee and Ukanda

Coffee Arabica

coffee seeds be most important in the world and 80 percent of growing coffee in the world.trunk,leaves and small seed-moderately product,best quality seed,fragrant taste.grow in 13-21 celsius high 1200-1800 metre but South America can grow 800 metre and period of time for grow is 6-8 month.coffee drinker vote Arabica

is good quality and delicious but sometimes call Brazilian coffee because originate Brazil such as Typica,Bourbon,Caturra,Mundo Novo ,Tico,San Ramon and Jamaica Blue Mountain

Austria

The Ottoman territory attack Vienna(1683) Emperor Leopold 1 of Vienna and 30000 military wait assistance from Poland. Cosizkie is volunteer spy to enemy because he know data for enemy and finally Austria win of this war.Emperor Leopold 1 then grant prize by permit him choose thing which discard by enemy.

Cosizkie choose coffee seed 500 bags and open first coffee shop in Vienna name "The Blue Bottle" and slogan Allah Wa Sablan(Beduin language) or My home is your home

Sumatra

The Island is growing Arabica coffee in The West and Robusta coffee in The East which best of two coffee seeds originate. Sumatra is Mandheling coffee and Ankota coffee.Smelling of herb, few sour,full-flavoured and hard search

Jamaica

Jamaica is centre growing famous coffee and Blue Mountain (blue-green) is famous in Jamaica by washing procedure.Jamaica is growing two Arabica coffee seeds is Arabica and Blue Mountain which grow on peak or mountain call brand name High Moun-tain Supreme or Prime Washed Jamaican. The Island is generate coffee Blue Mountain then is famous around the world

Costarica,Costa Rica

Costarica is growing Arabica coffee which have Strictly Hard Bean (SHB) is high Quality call or Good Hard Bean (GHB).Fruit is slow ripen, grow high over 1000 metre.Tarrazu and Tres Rios of Costarica have good taste,The most Arabica is growing high 3500-5400foot -big seed and flat.this cooffee is famous in Europe

History of coffee in Italy

The Emperor Soliman age in Seria(1954) townspeople Damusgus and Hegin,Alleppo build two coffee shop in Constantinoble which many people is aid with money,reading ,compose verse and entertain but coffee shop cause people neglect goes temple.priest unsatisfy and announce close coffee shop.Later the new pope cancel that prohibition coffee shop then open again and booming.First coffee seeds pack reach to Venice in (1615) but some group of Italian belive coffee is wicked (Devil's drink) and affect split up to people. Pope Clement13 test drink coffee for prove who satisfy and announce coffee is unwicked then coffee drink is part of activity of Italian.206 coffee shop in Venice (1759) and Rome,Florence,Sancarlo,Turin and Neple.Floriono Frasisgoni open coffe shop in Venice(1720) name Caffe Florian which great style and (1822) coffee shop in France is invent coffee makers and call coffee as Espresso

Brazilian Coffee

Portuguese army lieutenant name Francisco de Malo Patheta visit governor French Guiana(1727).He like coffee which serve for him then steal coffee seeds growing in Brazil(Amazon). Brazil coffee is grow 30 percent of the world at present specially Santos seeds which name from bourbon colony(Reunion)
is sweet coffee,clean and directly drink

coffee in america

coffee shop be suitable for talk or meeting such as negotiate business,politics until other story which become to meeting for merchant,people and politician.somewhere coffee shop have 100 years ago as Green Dragon on Orion Street in Boston (1697-1832) that likewise center of town and meeting for governor and knight.coffee house in America have other beverage such as whisky,beer,rum,food and recreation room

for other place.in Newyork have two coffee shop is merchants coffee house and tontin coffee house.

the first shop is place for set up Bank of Newyork(1784), The mayor of Newyork use a speech welcome first president George Washington(1789) and broker of stock market use two coffee shop for first trade stock market of the world (1790)

histrory of coffee 2

1475 Law of Turkey say Husband can not support. Wife by coffee is sufficiently.Wife can enter a claim for divorce

1554 The first coffee shop of the world is happen in Constantinoble

1645 The first coffee shop is happen in Italy

1650 The first coffee shop is happen in England (Oxford)

1651 The first advertise in print of the world which keep in British Museum

1683 Turkey Army besiege Vienna who invent percolate coffee

1689 The first coffee shop is happen in Paris

1721 The first coffee shop is happen in Berlin

1727 Johann Sebastian Bach write Kaffee-Kkantate song that is poem praise coffee and forbid women dink coffee

1809 Meslitta Bentz use paper from nootebook of son for percolate coffee which happen filter paper at present

1938 Nestle invent freeze-dried coffee as Nestcafe

1946 Cappuccino originate colour robe of monk in Cappuccin sect

histrory of coffee

The origin of the Arabic term is uncertain the Arabic as qahwah meaning wine originate qahiya meaning not hungry.derived from the name of the Kaffa (Ethiopia) meaning coffee tree afterwards Arab as kahveh and Turkish as chaoua,cahve,caffe and kauhi.in French as cafe,in German as kaffe,in Italian as caffe. Cafeteria originate American- Spain meaning coffee building in turn, was borrowed from cafetero meaning selling coffee
Turkish as kahve from kahwa in Arab with in Kaffee meaning region in western Ethiopia, where coffee was cultivated.

Arabian call plant is (Kawah,Kaweh) meaning Strength or Vigor Turkey is (Kaveh) and Koffee,Coffee in England. The first time coffee tree is in East Africa (Ethiopia,Sudan) native Africa use fruit coffee is cooking.African use water mix old coffee or seed as beverage In 1000B.C Arabian is boiling seed coffee. when it appeared in the highlands of Ethiopia. According to legend, Ethiopian shepherds were the first to observe the influence of the caffeine in coffee beans when the goats appeared to "dance" and to have an
increased level of energy after consuming wild coffee berries. The legend names the shepherd "Kaldi." From Ethiopia, coffee spread to Egypt and Yemen, and by the 14th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, Persia, Turkey, and northern Africa.coffee shop in Arabian is qahveh khaneh and Venice as coffee shop
is Caffee Florian (1720).the 15th century coffee is beverage in Arab which widespread in Venice. 1600 in Netherland and England as first is building coffee shop is cafe (Marseille) in France.coffe be resist by agriculturist is growing grape (wine) but unsucceed.in Vienna The coffee is import by turkey as 500 bags (1687) Fashion of cooffe is happen (Venice coffee) and tradition drink coffe

Highest in Siam Doi Inthanon National Park

At 2565.33 meters above meansea level, the summit of Doi Inthanon is the highest point of Thailand. The unique features of the summit make Doi Inthanon an attractive destination for many travelers.

Initially, this mountain was a part of Doi Inthanon Reserved Forest including, Chom Thong, Mae Cham, and Mae Khan-Mae Wong Prepared-Reserved Forests in Chiangmai Province. These forests were specified as one of fourteen forests in which the govenrment have made a survey and decided to be a national park. Regarding the initially environmental conservation policy as well as recreation and natural education purposes, the mountainius area of Doi Inthanon has been legally protected as a national park since October 2, 1972 Under the National Park Act. BE2504 (1961). 0

In connection with topography and climate, Doi Inthanon comprises of unique "upper mountain forest" communities, which are found only at the attitude over 1,800 meters above mean sea level. With regard to high attitude location and low temperatures all year round., the forest area of Doi Inthanon is frequently covered with cloud and is given a name by some scientist groups as a "cloud forest". These ecological attributes make Doi Inthanon National Park a unique and important classroom for scientists and nature educational lovers.

There are two nature trails available: Doi Ang Ka Nature Trail, only 300 meters long and Klo Mae Pan 3 kilometers long. Trekking along the two trails will bring you an Impressive experience of the distinctive forest community that consists of various plant level : a dome shape of top canopy, to ancient ferns on the forestfloor , stunning orchid species growing on high brancher, and mosses affixing densely on the trunks of the trees. Plants of the family "Fagaceae" , a keystone species in hill evergreen forest, commonly exist along the trails.

Doi Inthanon is home to a variety of bird species, which are only found in hill evergreen forests, such as the Green-tailed Sunbird, Yellow-browed Tit, White-browed Shortwing, Yellow-breasted Flower pecker Eyebrowed Thrush,  and yellow-bellied Fantail. Therefore, bird watching becomes one of  fascinating recreational acclivities with in the park, The preferable destinations for bird watchers include Pha Dok Siao Trail, Mae Pan Waterfall Trail, and Jeep Track Trail.

It is true that Doi Inthanon, the highest of Siam, has been and extreordinary nature classroom and recreational destination for more than 35 years since it was declared as the 6th National Park of Thailand.....

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Beyoncé Giselle Knowles ( /biˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-yon-say; born September 4, 1981), often known simply as Beyoncé, is an American R&B recording artist, actress and fashion designer. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she enrolled in various performing arts schools and was first exposed to singing and dancing competitions as a child. Knowles rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of the R&B girl group Destiny's Child, one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time.

During the hiatus of Destiny's Child, Knowles released her debut solo album Dangerously in Love in 2003, which spawned the number-one hits "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy" and became one of the most successful albums of that year, earning her a then record-tying five Grammy Awards. Following the group's disbandment in 2005, Knowles released her second solo album, B'Day in 2006. It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and included the hits "Irreplaceable" and "Beautiful Liar". Her third solo album I Am... Sasha Fierce was released in 2008, and included the anthemic "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)". The album earned Knowles six Grammys at the 52nd Grammy Awards, breaking the record for most Grammy Awards won by a female artist in one night. In 2011, Knowles released her fourth studio album 4, which became her fourth consecutive solo number-one album on the Billboard 200. This made Knowles the second female artist and third artist overall, to have her first four studio albums debut atop the chart.

Apart from her work in music, Knowles has also launched a career in acting. In 2001, she made her debut in the musical film Carmen: A Hip Hopera, prior to appearing in major films, including Dreamgirls (2006), which earned her two Golden Globe nominations, and Cadillac Records (2008). In 2004, Knowles and her mother introduced their family's fashion line, House of Deréon; Knowles has also endorsed brands such as Pepsi, Tommy Hilfiger, Armani and L'Oréal. In June 2010, Knowles was ranked second on Forbes list of the 100 Most Powerful and Influential celebrities in the world, and first on its list of the Most Powerful and Influential musicians in the world.

Knowles has earned numerous awards and accolades. She is one of the most honored artists by the Grammys, and third among female artists, with a total of 16 Grammy Awards—13 as a solo artist and 3 as a member of Destiny's Child. At the 2011 Billboard Music Awards, Knowles was honored with the Billboard Millennium Award for recognizing her career achievements and influence in the music industry. She was ranked the 4th Artist of the 2000s decade by Billboard, and was listed the most successful female artist of the 2000s, as well as the top radio artist. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), also recognized Knowles as the top certified artist of the 2000s. As of May 2010, Knowles has sold more than 11.2 million albums and 25 million singles in the United States. As of September 2009, she has sold 75 million records worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.

Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981) is an American recording artist and entertainer. Born in McComb, Mississippi, and raised in Kentwood, Louisiana, Spears began performing as a child, landing acting roles in stage productions and television shows. She signed with Jive Records in 1997 and released her debut album ...Baby One More Time in 1999. During her first decade within the music industry, she became a prominent figure in mainstream popular music and popular culture, followed by a much-publicized personal life. Her first two albums established her as a pop icon and broke sales records, while title tracks "...Baby One More Time" and "Oops!... I Did It Again" became international number-one hits. Spears was credited with influencing the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s.

In 2001, she released her third studio album Britney and expanded her brand, playing the starring role in the film Crossroads. She assumed creative control of her fourth studio album, In the Zone (2003), which yielded chart-topping singles "Me Against the Music", "Toxic" and "Everytime". After the release of two compilation albums, Spears experienced personal struggles and her career went under hiatus. Her fifth studio album, Blackout, was released in 2007 and despite receiving little promotion, it spawned hits "Gimme More" and "Piece of Me". In 2008, her erratic behavior and hospitalizations caused her to be placed in a conservatorship. The same year, her sixth studio album Circus was released, with the global chart-topping lead single "Womanizer". She embarked on her highest-grossing global concert tour, The Circus Starring Britney Spears, in 2009. Her seventh studio album Femme Fatale, released in 2011, has become the first of her albums to yield three top ten singles in the United States.

Spears has sold over 100 million records worldwide. According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), she is the eighth top-selling female artist in the United States, with 33 million certified albums.[1] Spears is also recognized as the best-selling female artist of the first decade of the 21st century, as well as the fifth overall. She was ranked the 8th Artist of the 2000s by Billboard. In June 2010, Spears was ranked sixth on Forbes list of the 100 Most Powerful and Influential celebrities in the world; she is also the third most mentioned musician on the internet, according to Forbes

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Dame Elizabeth Rosemond "Liz" Taylor, DBE (February 27, 1932 – March 23, 2011) was a British-American actress. From her early years as a child star with MGM, she became one of the great screen actresses of Hollywood's Golden Age. As one of the world's most famous film stars, Taylor was recognized for her acting ability and for her glamorous lifestyle, beauty and distinctive violet eyes.

National Velvet (1944) was Taylor's first success, and she starred in Father of the Bride (1950), A Place in the Sun (1951), Giant (1956), Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958), and Suddenly, Last Summer (1959). She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for BUtterfield 8 (1960), played the title role in Cleopatra (1963), and married her co-star Richard Burton. They appeared together in 11 films, including Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966), for which Taylor won a second Academy Award. From the mid-1970s, she appeared less frequently in film, and made occasional appearances in television and theatre.

Her much publicized personal life included eight marriages and several life-threatening illnesses. From the mid-1980s, Taylor championed HIV and AIDS programs; she co-founded the American Foundation for AIDS Research in 1985, and the Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation in 1993. She received the Presidential Citizens Medal, the Legion of Honour, the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award and a Life Achievement Award from the American Film Institute, who named her seventh on their list of the "Greatest American Screen Legends". Taylor died of congestive heart failure at the age of 79.

Madonna (born Madonna Louise Ciccone (Italian pronunciation: [tʃik̚ˈkoːne] chee-co-nay); August 16, 1958) is an American singer-songwriter, actress and entrepreneur. Born in Bay City, Michigan, she moved to New York City in 1977 to pursue a career in modern dance. After performing in the music groups Breakfast Club and Emmy, she released her debut album in 1983. She followed it with a series of albums by which she found immense popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Throughout her career, many of her songs have hit number one on the record charts, including "Like a Virgin", "Papa Don't Preach", "Like a Prayer", "Vogue", "Frozen", "Music", "Hung Up", and "4 Minutes". Critics have praised Madonna for her diverse musical productions while at the same time serving as a lightning rod for religious controversy.

Her career was further enhanced by film appearances that began in 1979, despite mixed commentary. She won critical acclaim and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her role in Evita (1996), but has received harsh feedback for other film roles. Madonna's other ventures include being a fashion designer, children's book author, film director and producer. Madonna has been acclaimed as a businesswoman. In 1992, she founded entertainment company Maverick as a joint venture with Time Warner. In 2007, she signed an unprecedented US $120 million contract with Live Nation.

Madonna has sold more than 300 million records worldwide and is recognized as the world's top-selling female recording artist of all time by the Guinness World Records. According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), she is the best-selling female rock artist of the 20th century and the second top-selling female artist in the United States, behind Barbra Streisand, with 64 million certified albums. In 2008, Billboard magazine ranked Madonna at number two, behind only The Beatles, on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, making her the most successful solo artist in the history of the Billboard chart. She was also inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the same year. Considered to be one of the "25 Most Powerful Women of the Past Century" by Time for being an influential figure in contemporary music, Madonna is known for continuously reinventing both her music and image, and for retaining a standard of autonomy within the recording industry.

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Jackie Chan, SBS, MBE (born Chan Kong-sang, 陳港生; 7 April 1954) is a Hong Kong actor, action choreographer, filmmaker, comedian, director, producer, martial artist, screenwriter, entrepreneur, singer and stunt performer.


In his movies, he is known for his acrobatic fighting style, comic timing, use of improvised weapons, and innovative stunts. Jackie Chan has been acting since the 1960s and has appeared in over 100 films. Chan has received stars on the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars and the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
As a cultural icon, Chan has been referenced in various pop songs, cartoons, and video games. An operatically trained vocalist, Chan is also a Cantopop and Mandopop star, having released a number of albums and sung many of the theme songs for the films in which he has starred.

Michelle Yeoh Choo-Kheng (born 6 August 1962) is a Hong Kong-based Malaysian actress, well known for performing her own stunts in the action films that brought her to fame in the early 1990s.
Born in Ipoh, Malaysia, she is based in Hong Kong and was chosen by People magazine as one of the 50 Most Beautiful People in the World in 1997.


She is best known in the Western world for her roles in the 1997 James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies, playing Wai Lin, and the multiple Academy Award-winning Chinese-language martial arts film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, for which she was nominated the BAFTA for "Best Actress". In 2008, the film critic website Rotten Tomatoes ranked her the greatest action heroine of all time. In 2009, she was listed by People magazine - as the only Asian actress - as one of the "35 All-Time Screen Beauties" 


She is credited as Michelle Khan in some of her earlier films. This alias was chosen by the D&B studio who thought it might be more marketable to international and western audiences. Yeoh later preferred using her real name

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Albert Einstein ( /ˈælbərt ˈaɪnstaɪn/; German: [ˈalbɐt ˈaɪnʃtaɪn] ( listen); 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The latter was pivotal in establishing quantum theory within physics.

Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. This led to the development of his special theory of relativity. He realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916, he published a paper on the general theory of relativity. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe as a whole.

He was visiting the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and did not go back to Germany, where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences. He settled in the U.S., becoming a citizen in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he helped alert President Franklin D. Roosevelt that Germany might be developing an atomic weapon, and recommended that the U.S. begin similar research; this eventually led to what would become the Manhattan Project. Einstein was in support of defending the Allied forces, but largely denounced using the new discovery of nuclear fission as a weapon. Later, together with Bertrand Russell, Einstein signed the Russell–Einstein Manifesto, which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons. Einstein was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey, until his death in 1955.

Einstein published more than 300 scientific papers along with over 150 non-scientific works. His great intelligence and originality have made the word "Einstein" synonymous with genius.

Ludwig van Beethoven (baptized 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. The crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential composers of all time.

Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the Holy Roman Empire, Beethoven moved to Vienna in his early 20s, studying with Joseph Haydn and quickly gaining a reputation as a virtuoso pianist. His hearing began to deteriorate in the late 1790s, yet he continued to compose, conduct, and perform, even after becoming completely deaf.

Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso known as Pablo Ruiz Picasso (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpaβlo ˈrwiθ piˈkaso]; 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor who lived most of his life in France. He is widely known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and Guernica (1937), a portrayal of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War.

Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a realistic manner through his childhood and adolescence; during the first decade of the 20th century his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. His revolutionary artistic accomplishments brought him universal renown and immense fortune, making him one of the best-known figures in 20th century art.

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Nicolas Cage (born Nicolas Kim Coppola on January 7, 1964) is an American actor, producer and director, having appeared in over 60 films including Raising Arizona (1987), The Rock (1996), Face/Off (1997), Gone in 60 Seconds (2000), Adaptation (2002), National Treasure (2004), Ghost Rider (2007), Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2009), and Kick-Ass (2010). Cage, at age 32, became the fifth youngest actor ever to win the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in Leaving Las Vegas.

Thomas Cruise Mapother IV ( /ˈtɒməs ˈkruːz ˈmeɪpɒθər/; born July 3, 1962), better known as Tom Cruise, is an American film actor and producer. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and he has won three Golden Globe Awards.


Cruise first debuted in a major film in Francis Ford Coppola's The Outsiders, released in March 1983. His first leading role was in the film Risky Business, which was released in August 1983. After playing the role of a heroic naval pilot in the popular and financially successful 1986 film Top Gun, Cruise continued in this vein, playing a secret agent in a series of Mission: Impossible action films in the 1990s and 2000s. In addition to these heroic roles, he has starred in a variety of other successful films such as Days of Thunder (1990), A Few Good Men (1992), Jerry Maguire (1996), Magnolia (1999), Vanilla Sky (2001), Minority Report (2002), The Last Samurai (2003), Collateral (2004) and War of the Worlds (2005).


Since 2005, Cruise and Paula Wagner have been in charge of the United Artists film studio, with Cruise as producer and star and Wagner as the chief executive. Cruise is also known for his support of and adherence to the Church of Scientology.

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James Eugene "Jim" Carrey (born January 17, 1962) is a Canadian-American actor, comedian, singer and writer. He has received two Golden Globe Awards and has also been nominated on four occasions. Carrey began comedy in 1979, performing at Yuk Yuk's in Toronto, Ontario. After gaining prominence in 1981, he began working at The Comedy Store in Los Angeles where he was soon noticed by comedian Rodney Dangerfield, who immediately signed him to open his tour performances. Carrey, long interested in film and television, developed a close friendship with comedian Damon Wayans, which landed him a role in the sketch comedy hit In Living Color, in which he portrayed various characters during the show's 1990 season.
Having had little success in television movies and several low-budget films, Carrey was cast as the title character in Ace Ventura: Pet Detective which premiered in February, 1994, making more than $72 million domestically despite receiving mixed critical reception.The film spawned a sequel, Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls (1995), in which he reprised the role of Ventura. High profile roles followed when he was cast as Stanley Ipkiss in The Mask (1994) for which he gained a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, and as Lloyd Christmas in the comedy film Dumb and Dumber (1994).


Between 1996 and 1999, Carrey continued his success after earning lead roles in several highly popular films including The Cable Guy (1996), Liar Liar (1997), in which he was nominated for another Golden Globe Award and in the critically acclaimed films The Truman Show and Man on the Moon, in 1998 and 1999, respectively. Both films earned Carrey Golden Globe awards. Since earning both awards, Carrey continued to star in comedy films, including How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000) where he played the title character, Bruce Almighty (2003) where he portrayed the role of unlucky TV reporter Bruce Nolan, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004), Fun with Dick and Jane (2005), Yes Man (2008), and A Christmas Carol (2009). Carrey has also taken on more serious roles including Joel Barish in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) alongside Kate Winslet and Kirsten Dunst, which earned him another Golden Globe nomination, and Steven Jay Russell in I Love You Phillip Morris (2009) alongside Ewan McGregor.

John Christopher "Johnny" Depp II (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor and musician. He has won the Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild award for Best Actor. Depp rose to prominence on the 1980s television series 21 Jump Street, becoming a teen idol. Turning to film, he played the title character of Edward Scissorhands (1990), and later found box office success in films such as Sleepy Hollow (1999), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), Rango (2011), and the Pirates of the Caribbean film series (2003–present). He has collaborated with director and friend Tim Burton in seven films, their most recent collaboration being Alice in Wonderland (2010).

Depp has gained acclaim for his portrayals of people such as Edward D. Wood, Jr., in Ed Wood, Joseph D. Pistone in Donnie Brasco, Hunter S. Thompson in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, George Jung in Blow, and the bank robber John Dillinger in Michael Mann's Public Enemies. Films featuring Depp have grossed over $3.1 billion at the United States box office and over $7.6 billion worldwide. He has been nominated for top awards many times, winning the Best Actor Awards from the Golden Globes for Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street and from the Screen Actors Guild for Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl. He also has garnered a sex symbol status in American cinema, being twice named as the Sexiest man alive by People magazine in 2003 and 2009.

Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio (pronounced /dɨˈkæpri.oʊ/; born November 11, 1974)[1] is an American actor and film producer. He has received many awards, including a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor for his performance in The Aviator (2004). In addition, he has won a Silver Bear, a Chlotrudis Award and a Satellite Award among others, and has been nominated by the Academy Awards, Screen Actors Guild and the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.

Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, DiCaprio started his career by appearing in television commercials prior to landing recurring roles in TV series such as the soap opera Santa Barbara and the sitcom Growing Pains in the early 1990s. He made his film debut in the comedic sci-fi horror film Critters 3 (1991) and received first notable critical praise for his performance in This Boy's Life (1993). DiCaprio obtained recognition for his subsequent work in supporting roles in What's Eating Gilbert Grape (1993) and Marvin's Room (1996), as well as leading roles in The Basketball Diaries (1995) and Romeo + Juliet (1996), before achieving international fame in James Cameron's Titanic (1997).

Since the 2000s, DiCaprio has been nominated for awards for his work in such films as Catch Me If You Can (2002), Gangs of New York (2002), The Aviator (2004), Blood Diamond (2006), The Departed (2006), and Revolutionary Road (2008). His latest films Shutter Island (2010) and Inception (2010) rank among the biggest commercial successes of his career. DiCaprio owns a production company named Appian Way Productions, whose productions include the films Gardener of Eden (2007) and Orphan (2009).

A committed environmentalist, DiCaprio has received praise from environmental groups for his activism.

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Julia Fiona Roberts (born October 28, 1967) is an American actress. She became a Hollywood star after headlining the romantic comedy Pretty Woman (1990), which grossed $464 million worldwide. After receiving Golden Globe Awards and Academy Award nominations for Steel Magnolias (1989) and Pretty Woman, she won the Academy Award for Best Actress in for her performance in Erin Brockovich (2000). Her films My Best Friend's Wedding (1997), Mystic Pizza (1988), Notting Hill (1999), Runaway Bride (1999), Valentine's Day (2010), The Pelican Brief (1993), Ocean's Eleven (2001) and Twelve (2004) have collectively brought box office receipts of over $2.4 billion, making her one of the most successful actors in terms of box office receipts.


Roberts had become one of the highest-paid actresses in the world, topping the Hollywood Reporter's annual "power list" of top-earning female stars from 2005 to 2006. Her fee for 1990's Pretty Woman was $300,000; in 2003, she was paid an unprecedented $25 million for her role in Mona Lisa Smile (2003). As of 2010, Roberts's net worth was estimated to be $140 million.


Roberts has been named one of People magazine's "50 Most Beautiful People in the World" eleven times, tied with Halle Berry. In 2001, Ladies Home Journal ranked her as the 11th most powerful woman in America, ahead of then national security advisor Condoleezza Rice and former first lady Laura Bush.[4] Roberts has a production company called Red Om Films.

Nicole Mary Kidman, AC (born 20 June 1967) is an Australian actress, singer, film producer,[spokesmodel, and humanitarian. After starring in a number of small Australian films and TV shows, Kidman's breakthrough was in the 1989 thriller Dead Calm. Following several films over the early 1990s, she came to worldwide recognition for her performances in Days of Thunder (1990), Far and Away (1992), and Batman Forever (1995). Kidman followed this with other successful films in the late 1990s, it was her performance in the musical, Moulin Rouge! (2001) which earned Kidman her second Golden Globe Award and first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. Her performance as Virginia Woolf the following year in the drama film The Hours (2002) received critical acclaim and earned Kidman the Academy Award for Best Actress.


Kidman's other successful films include Cold Mountain (2003), The Interpreter (2005), Happy Feet (2006), and Australia (2008). Her performance in 2010's Rabbit Hole (which she also produced) earned Kidman further accolades including a subsequent Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. Kidman has been a Goodwill Ambassador for UNIFEM since 2006. Kidman's work has earned her a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, three Golden Globe Awards, one BAFTA, and an Academy Award. In 2006, Kidman was made a Companion of the Order of Australia, Australia's highest civilian honour, and was also the highest-paid actress in the motion picture industry. As a result of being born to Australian parents in Hawaii, Kidman has dual citizenship of Australia and the United States.

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George Timothy Clooney (born May 6, 1961) is an American actor, film director, producer, and screenwriter. For his work as an actor, he has received two Golden Globe Awards and an Academy Award. Clooney is also noted for his social activism and has served as one of the United Nations Messengers of Peace since January 31, 2008.

Though he made his acting debut on television in 1978, Clooney gained fame and recognition by portraying Dr. Douglas "Doug" Ross on the long-running medical drama ER from 1994 to 1999. While working on ER, he started attracting a variety of leading roles in films including Batman & Robin (1997) and Out of Sight (1998), where he first teamed with long-term collaborator Steven Soderbergh. In 2001, Clooney's fame widened with the release of his biggest commercial success, Ocean's Eleven, the first of a profitable film trilogy, that is a remake of the movie from 1960 with the members of The Rat Pack with Frank Sinatra as Danny Ocean. He made his directorial debut a year later with the 2002 biographical thriller Confessions of a Dangerous Mind and has since directed Good Night, and Good Luck (2005) and Leatherheads (2008). He won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his work in the Middle East thriller Syriana (2005).

Clooney's humanitarian work includes his advocacy of finding a resolution for the Darfur conflict, raising funds for the 2010 Haiti earthquake, 2004 Tsunami and 9/11 victims, and creating documentaries such as Sand and Sorrow to raise awareness about international crises.

Willard Christopher "Will" Smith, Jr. (born September 25, 1968) is an American actor, film producer and rapper. He has enjoyed success in music, television and film. In April 2007, Newsweek called him the most powerful actor in Hollywood. Smith has been nominated for four Golden Globe Awards, two Academy Awards, and has won multiple Grammy Awards.


In the late 1980s, Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince. In 1990, his popularity increased dramatically when he starred in the popular television series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. The show ran for nearly six years (1990–1996) on NBC and has been syndicated consistently on various networks since then. In the mid-1990s, Smith moved from television to film, and ultimately starred in numerous blockbuster films. He is the only actor to have eight consecutive films gross over $100 million in the domestic box office and the only one to have eight consecutive films in which he starred open at #1 spot in the domestic box office tally.


Fourteen of the 19 fiction films he has acted in have accumulated worldwide gross earnings of over $100 million, and four took in over $500 million in global box office receipts. As of 2011, his films have grossed $5.7 billion in global box office. His most financially successful films have been Bad Boys, Bad Boys II, Independence Day, Men in Black, Men in Black II, I, Robot, The Pursuit of Happyness, I Am Legend, Hancock, Wild Wild West, Enemy of the State, Shark Tale, Hitch and Seven Pounds. He also earned critical praise for his performances in Six Degrees of Separation, Ali and The Pursuit of Happyness, receiving Best Actor Oscar nominations for the latter two.

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Angelina Jolie (pronounced /dʒoʊˈliː/ joh-lee, born Angelina Jolie Voight; June 4, 1975) is an American actress. She has received anAcademy Award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards, and was named Hollywood's highest-paid actress byForbes in 2009 and 2011. Jolie is noted for promoting humanitarian causes as a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). She has been cited as the world's "sexiest" and "most beautiful" woman, titles for which she received substantial media attention.

Jolie made her screen debut as a child alongside her father Jon Voightin Lookin' to Get Out (1982), but her film career began in earnest a decade later with the low-budget production Cyborg 2 (1993). Her first leading role in a major film was in the cyber-thriller Hackers (1995). She starred in the critically acclaimed biographical television filmsGeorge Wallace (1997) and Gia (1998), and won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the drama Girl, Interrupted (1999).

Jolie achieved wide fame after her portrayal of video game heroineLara Croft in Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001), and established herself among the highest-paid actresses in Hollywood with the sequel Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life (2003). She reinforced her reputation as a leading action star with Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005) andWanted (2008)—her biggest non-animated commercial successes to date—and received further critical acclaim for her performances in the dramas A Mighty Heart (2007) and Changeling (2008), which earned her a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actress.

Divorced from actors Jonny Lee Miller and Billy Bob Thornton, Jolie now lives with actor Brad Pitt, in a relationship that has attracted worldwide media attention. Jolie and Pitt have three adopted children, Maddox, Pax, and Zahara, and three biological children, Shiloh, Knox, and Vivienne.

William Bradley "Brad" Pitt (born December 18, 1963) is an American actor and film producer. Pitt has received two Academy Award nominations and four Golden Globe Award nominations, winning one. He has been described as one of the world's most attractive men, a label for which he has received substantial media attention.

Pitt began his acting career with television guest appearances, including a role on the CBS prime-time soap opera Dallas in 1987. He later gained recognition as the cowboy hitchhiker who seduces Geena Davis's character in the 1991 road movie Thelma & Louise. Pitt's first leading roles in big-budget productions came with A River Runs Through It (1992) and Interview with the Vampire (1994). He was cast opposite Anthony Hopkins in the 1994 drama Legends of the Fall, which earned him his first Golden Globe nomination. In 1995 he gave critically acclaimed performances in the crime thriller Seven and the science fiction film 12 Monkeys, the latter securing him a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and an Academy Award nomination. Four years later, in 1999, Pitt starred in the cult hit Fight Club. He then starred in the major international hit as Rusty Ryan in Ocean's Eleven(2001) and its sequels, Ocean's Twelve (2004) and Ocean's Thirteen(2007). His greatest commercial successes have been Troy (2004) andMr. & Mrs. Smith (2005). Pitt received his second Academy Award nomination for his title role performance in the 2008 film The Curious Case of Benjamin Button.

Following a high-profile relationship with actress Gwyneth Paltrow, Pitt was married to actress Jennifer Aniston for five years. Pitt lives with actress Angelina Jolie in a relationship that has generated wide publicity. He and Jolie have six children—Maddox, Pax, Zahara, Shiloh, Knox, and Vivienne. Since beginning his relationship with Jolie, he has become increasingly involved in social issues both in the United States and internationally. Pitt owns a production company named Plan B Entertainment, whose productions include the 2007 Academy Award winning Best Picture, The Departed.